October 21, 2025
The Central Intelligence Agency is providing the bulk of the intelligence used to carry out the controversial lethal airstrikes by the Trump administration against small, fast-going boats in the Caribbean Sea suspected of carrying drugs from Venezuela, according to three sources familiar with the operations. Experts say the agency’s central role means much of the evidence used to select which alleged smugglers to kill on the open sea will almost certainly remain secret.
The agency’s central role in the boat strikes has not previously been disclosed. Donald Trump confirmed last Wednesday that he had authorized covert CIA action in Venezuela, but not what the agency would be doing.
The sources say the CIA is providing real-time intelligence collected by satellites and signal intercepts to detect which boats it believes are loaded with drugs, tracking their routes and making the recommendations about which vessels should be hit by missiles.
“They are the most important part of it,” said one of the sources. Two sources said that the drones or other aircraft actually launching the missiles used to sink the boats belonged to the US military, not the CIA.
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Information the agency gathers against any of the alleged smugglers – dead or alive – is likely to remain classified and out of public view. That is in spite of the worldwide public interest and debate over the killing of civilians.
The agency’s intelligence, unlike information gathered by the DEA or the US Coast Guard, which used to handle maritime interdiction operations against smugglers, is not designed as legal evidence.
“We do not produce evidence,” Mark Lowenthal, a former assistant director for analysis for the CIA, said. “We have intelligence. It is not the same thing as evidence. It’s a different milieu. Sometimes it’s cold hard fact and sometimes lots less.” He emphasized he is speaking generally based on his past experience and has no independent information about the current boat strikes or intelligence.
CIA intelligence is not designed for disclosure, in court or in public hearings – it is designed to “never see the inside of a courtroom”, one source said, because theCIA goes to great lengths to protect its sources and methods.
Lowenthal said he believed it was unlikely the CIA intel on drug boat targets could ever be released. “They are going to claim it’s classified and they are not going to release it publicly. And they may be right. They have all sorts of exemptions in law.”
So far, the only information released has been snippets of grainy video of boats exploding, posted online by Trump or the Pentagon.
A spokesperson for the CIA declined to comment on this story and referred any other questions to the Pentagon.
A spokesperson for the US southern command, which oversees military operations in the Caribbean, referred questions to the White House. Pentagon head Pete Hegseth posted on X on Thursday that the commander of southern command was stepping down.
A Pentagon spokesperson said: “Due to operational security, we do not talk about matters of intelligence.”
In response to questions from the Guardian, Anna Kelly, the White House deputy press secretary, said: “All of these decisive strikes have been against designated narcoterrorists bringing deadly poison to our shores, and the president will continue to use every element of American power to stop drugs from flooding into our country and to bring those responsible to justice.”
On Saturday, Trump alluded to intelligence, rather than the US military, in a posting on the social media platform he owns about the destruction of a semi-submersible he called a “DRUG-CARRYING SUBMARINE”. “U.S. Intelligence,” he wrote, “confirmed this vessel was loaded up with mostly Fentanyl, and other illegal narcotics.”
Trump announced what appears to have been the first strike on a boat on 3 September, releasing a brief video of the attack. Since then, the administration has publicly announced sixmore without ever disclosing details about the targets other than the number of people killed, and the allegation that the boats carried narcotics.
Several sources say CIA officials have been trying to play a more central role in the foreign policy objectives of the Trump administration in the hemisphere. While the agency has long had a counternarcotics effort, the sources say it is beefing up that capability to maintain relevance.
The White House also hasn’t disclosed details of any legal basis for strikes against civilian targets. Experts in international humanitarian law say it’s a violation to use deadly force against civilians who aren’t engaged in a war, whether or not they are suspected of smuggling drugs.
Harold Koh, a professor of international law at Yale who worked in the Obama-era state department and defended the 2010 lethal strike in Yemen against American Anwar Al Awlaki, said last monththat the Caribbean strikes were illegal. “There is no authority for the president to commit summary execution on the high seas,” he said, “especially when there is a capture option which they have been using until now.”